Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Maryam Mohammadi ¹
• Homa Bagheri ²

¹ Architecture & Urban Planning Department/ Art University

² MA of Urban Design, University of Art

Abstract

Urban space serves as a main realm for human interaction, wherein human behavior and emotions are intricately intertwined with the physical environment. Notably, the quality of the urban environment significantly impacts an individual's mood and emotional state, encompassing feelings of stress, fear, happiness, and sadness. This research paper examine whether the urban spaces’ facade contributes to environmental stress. Given that environmental stress is believed to be influenced by various factors in accordance with theory, this study specifically investigates the influence of facades on the extent of environmental stress. To fulfill the objectives of this research, the facade of Shohada Square in Karaj was selected as the case study, employing neurocognitive and perceptual (subjective) methodologies. The neurocognitive assessment involved the collaboration of twenty-seven undergraduate urban planning students, utilizing a wireless electroencephalography device with 19 channels for brainwave recording, along with a supplementary questionnaire. Before conducting the examination, the DASS-21 questionnaire was employed to measure the participants' stress levels, ensuring that all participants were in a normal psychological state. The acquired data from both tools were subsequently analyzed employing Neurorguide and SPSS software. By comparing the wave patterns of the left and right hemispheres (F3 and F4) along with those in front and behind the head (FZ and PZ), while participants observed five two-minute videos encompassing selected views and elements within the urban facades, which were subsequently evaluated by a group of experts via a questionnaire, twelve elements deemed highly influential in inducing stress were identified. Consequently, it was determined which specific views and elements had an impact on environmental stress levels. Furthermore, the post-test questionnaires provided insights into the significant features of facade elements that influence the level of stress experienced by individuals. A comparison of these features highlighted that materials, advertising boards, additional elements, and windows had the most substantial influence on an individual's perceived level of stress.

Keywords

• Environmental stress
• Urban square
• Neurological method
• Perceptual method
• Shohada Square

Main Subjects

• Architecture and Urban Design