Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, faculty of Technical and Engineering, yasouj university, Yasouj, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Architecture The University of the District of Columbia Department of Architecture and Urban Sustainability
Abstract
Introduction:
The city of Bushehr on the northern shore of the Persian Gulf, with a hot and humid climate, is considered as one of the most critical climates in Iran. For many years, natural ventilation has been one of the common methods of providing thermal comfort to residents. Historical houses are a symbol of human adaptation to the surrounding environment. One of the design solutions used in the construction of traditional houses in Bushehr is the use of the building form and the placement of the openings to maximize the benefit of the prevailing winds to create natural air flow in the interior. The aim of the current research is to investigate the best performance of natural ventilation in indoor spaces by choosing the most appropriate geometric form in the room according to the position of its openings. After the typology of Bushehr houses, this essay finds 9 different types of room and yard combinations in the form of vertical rectangle, square and horizontal rectangle in 3 levels ground, first and second floor and in 4 different combinations of inlet and outlet openings, totaling 108 distinct modes.
Research method:
To achieve the objectives of the research, this study employed a mixed research method including field survey, library research, and document reviews of historical buildings. The data of buildings with historical value and registered in the cultural heritage of Bushehr were collected. In the experimental part of the study, the independent variables affecting the quality of natural ventilation were identified and the dependent variables were measured by accurate digital devices in a case study (Dehdashti building) and then its data was used for software validation. After the validation of the software, the models were simulated in Cfd Autodesk 2018 software, relying on the CFD method This article uses the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to predict the velocity and age of air in the interior of the room at the height level of living zone.
Results and discussion:
In this section, the data collected from the simulation. This article has simulated 9 different combinations of rooms and courtyards forms, including: horizontal rectangular form, square form and vertical rectangular form with 4 different types of openings. total of 108 distinct modes. 9 types have been compared to choose the most optimal form and openings, based on the two components of velocity speed and age of air. Form of room and yard and also the position of the opening of the room has a great influence on the condition of natural ventilation inside that room. velocity is inversely related to width. By increasing the width of the space and changing the form from a vertical rectangle to a square and finally to a horizontal rectangle, the velocity decreases in general. Although the openings in aligned modes showed a relatively higher velocity, but the openings in non-aligned modes are more optimal due to involving more space in the room.
Conclusion
The quality and pattern of air flow in indoor spaces, are affected by several parameters, and the geometry of the building is one of the most important influencing factors. The analysis of contours obtained from simulation shows the geometric shape of the yard has not made a significant difference in the speed of air entering and leaving the room, but the geometric shape of the room plan and the location of the openings have a significant effect on the natural ventilation of the room.The results show that the types of "vertical rectangular room" with non-aligned openings have a relative advantage and create more suitable natural ventilation. In general, with the increase in height, the velocity decreases and the age of air increases.
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