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تبیین الگوهای طراحی محیط بیوفیلیک: مرور نظام‌مند مفاهیم و رویکردها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه معماری منظر، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22061/jsaud.2024.10750.2215

چکیده

مقدمه: در طول دو دهه‌ای که از عمر طراحی بیوفیلیک در معماری می‌گذرد، دیدگاه‌های متعددی در زمینه الگوهای یک محیط بیوفیلیک ارائه شده است که تفاوت‌هایی با یکدیگر دارند. هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌هایی است که در میان این دیدگاه‌ها وجود دارد.
روش تحقیق: نوع پژوهش کیفی و گردآوری اطلاعات بر مبنای مطالعه منابع کتابخانه‌ای- اسنادی انجام گرفته است. کلیدواژه‌ها و مفاهیم اصلی از طریق تحلیل محتوای مطالب، استخراج شده و از طریق استدلال استقرایی و تطبیق میان آن‌ها نتایج به دست آمده است. در این تحقیق، دیدگاه‌های مختلف مطرح شده در زمینه الگوهای طراحی بیوفیلیک از طریق مرور نظام‌مند استخراج گردیده و 47 منبع نهایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
نتایج و بحث: دیدگاه‌ها در 4 خوشه قابلیت جمع‌بندی داشتند و از میان آن‌ها خوشه غالب انتخاب شد. این خوشه از سه دسته‌بندی تجربه مستقیم طبیعت، تجربه غیرمستقیم طبیعت، تجربه فضا و مکان و 27 الگو تشکیل شده است. الگوهایی که از میانگین فراوانی دسته مربوطه، فراوانی بیشتری داشتند به عنوان الگوهای مهم شناسایی و برای هر یک از این الگوها راهکارهای طراحی ارائه شد. برخی از الگوهایی که مهمترند، عبارتند از سبزینگی، نور طبیعی، آب، اشکال و فرم‌های طبیعی، مصالح طبیعی و دورنما و پناهگاه.
نتیجه‌گیری: برخی از راهکارهای طراحی ارائه شده با فراوانی بیشتر عبارتند از وارد کردن پوشش گیاهی به فضای داخلی از طریق دیوارهای سبز داخلی، آتریوم‌های بزرگ با محیط‌های شبیه پارک و بسترهای کاشت داخلی، گنجاندن گیاهان در ساختمان با استفاده از بام‌های سبز، دیوارها و نماهای سبز و فضاهای سبز جیبی، گسترش محیط‌ آبی از طریق ساخت مناظر آبی همچون فواره‌ها، بدنه‌های آبی، تالاب‌ها و برکه‌های ساخته شده، دیوارهای آبی و آکواریوم‌ها، استفاده از هندسه فراکتال در طراحی‌ها، استفاده از مصالح طبیعی مانند چوب، سنگ، بامبو، خاک رس در طیف وسیعی از محصولات، مبلمان و دیگر طراحی‌های داخلی و خارجی و ارتباط جغرافیایی، تاریخی، اکولوژیکی و فرهنگی با مکان.

چکیده تصویری

تبیین الگوهای طراحی محیط بیوفیلیک: مرور نظام‌مند مفاهیم و رویکردها

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Explanation of Biophilic Design Patterns: A Systematic Review of Concepts and Approaches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fateme Behboodzade 1
  • Ahmad Ekhlassi 2
  • Saeid Norouzian-Maleki 3

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Two decades after the emergence of biophilic design in architecture, various opinions with distinct patterns have been put forward. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences between the existing thoughts. In this qualitative study, the data were collected through library and documentary research. The keywords and main concepts were first extracted from the content analysis of the available literature and then compared to report the results with the help of inductive reasoning. Different opinions on the patterns of biophilic design were extracted through a systematic review of 47 records. The opinions were compiled into four clusters, from which the dominant cluster was selected. The cluster included three general categories: direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, and experience of space and place, and 27 patterns encompassing greenery, natural light, water, natural shapes and forms, natural materials, and prospect and refuge. Patterns with a higher frequency than the average frequency of their original category were identified as important patterns, for each of which a set of design strategies was proposed. Some of the widespread design strategies were integrating vegetation into interior spaces through the use of indoor green walls, large atriums with park-like environments, and interior planting beds; embedding plants into building designs through the implementation of green roofs; the installation of green walls and facades; and the inclusion of green pockets; expansion of water spaces in built environments and landscapes by incorporating decorative fountains, various water features, engineered wetlands, small ponds, cascading water walls, and aquarium displays; incorporating fractal geometry into design practices; the application of natural materials such as wood, bamboo, stone, and clay across a wide range of products, furniture, and various interior and exterior designs; and geographical, historical, ecological, and cultural connections to place.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biophilia
  • Biophilic Architecture
  • Connection with nature
  • Restorative environment
  • Physical and psychological health
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معماری و شهرسازی پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23
بهار و تابستان
تیر 1403
صفحه 41-66
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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